International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Global Business - Essay Example This article depicts these advantages and deterrents, alluding to additionally contextual analyses as legitimization for the contentions gave. The upsides of expansion There are numerous dangers of adjusting just a solitary market with one item or administration that has been ascribed to putting the entirety of a firm’s acknowledged eggs in a solitary crate (Thompson, Strickland and Gamble 2013). For all intents and purposes each item or administration offered by an organization has a built up life cycle, moving from a development stage to a possible decrease along the existence cycle model in which deals and request start to decay. The existence pattern of the item is dictated by various variables, including shopper conduct changes, inventive item discharges by rivalry that beats, serious estimating cases that drive cost touchy purchasers to match firms, or even new market contestants that expansion decision and lower changing expenses for customers to abandon to an opponent brand. Whatever the case driving life cycle, partnerships must be distinctly and proactively mindful of the capacity of their solitary item or administration in continuing since a long time ago run benefit development. As a result of the dangers of a deteriorating neighborhood showcase, organizations accomplish focal points by enhancing the business into another universal market. The most noteworthy preferred position is that broadening permits the business to spread dangers (Thompson et al. 2013). Hazard happens through an assortment of drivers, both inside related and remotely determined. For a business working in a solitary market with a solitary item, any progressions to request can affect income development and even convolute a significant number of the worth chain components that help business, including HR, flexibly chain and obtainment, as... As delineated by the paper, there are numerous dangers of overhauling just a solitary market with one item or administration that has been ascribed to setting the entirety of a firm’s certifiable eggs in a solitary bushel. Essentially every item or administration offered by an enterprise has a built up life cycle, moving from a development stage to a possible decrease along the existence cycle model in which deals and request start to decay. The existence pattern of the item is dictated by various elements, including purchaser conduct changes, imaginative item discharges by rivalry that beats, serious evaluating occurrences that drive cost delicate purchasers to match firms, or even new market participants that expansion decision and lower changing expenses for shoppers to abandon to an opponent brand. This paper makes an end that there are in reality a bigger number of points of interest than drawbacks in choosing an expansion procedure. Income expands, better income position, and cost decrease in an assortment of help divisions along the worth chain are the most conspicuous of these preferences. Comprehensive in focal points are better extent of control, progressively productive and cost-recognizing coordinations openings, and even money valuation for the broadened partnership. The depicted disservices of unsubstantial diverse information on the remote market, high control and intensity of purchasing markets, and problematic advancement dangers would will in general balance favorable circumstances when these circumstances happen in the new worldwide market. Notwithstanding the detriments, the since quite a while ago run advantages of broadening supplant the likely blocks of looking for this procedure for development.

The Police Interaction with the Criminal Justice System Term Paper - 1

The Police Interaction with the Criminal Justice System - Term Paper Example Network policing has become the national mantra of the American police. For over 15 years cops, issue situated policing and network have been progressed as amazing arranging subjects of open security. The term police, itself implies common organization and police offices have been accountable for the organization of the city, in contrast to the military power. The police speak to the common intensity of government. The primary sorted out American police office was made in Boston in 1838. The police powers have been sent during mobs and they worked by the guidelines gave to them by the authoritative offices. The chain of command of police framework is straightforwardly under the ideological groups and it has brought about doubt of individuals on police powers. It has been seen that the police framework works for open government assistance and they assume an essential job in keeping up harmony and security in the general public. The police divisions of United States of America are separated into a few offices and offices. The most noticeable police division is the New York Police Department, which is responsible for any sort of crime in the general public. Every single crime is recorded in the document of the New York Police Department and this division is arranged in a few puts in request to guarantee open wellbeing. There are numerous likenesses in the working style of the of the urban police framework at present contrasted with the past. With the obstruction of outside weights including requests for trustworthiness, productivity, and wrongdoing control the focal point of the police framework has limited on wrongdoing. Crimes are first answered to police divisions and they take lawful and moral activities to determine the issues related with the wrongdoing and present individuals indicted for the wrongdoing to the equity framework. From a far off past to introduce it has been seen that much impedance of ideological groups and business people in the working arrangement of police has brought about obliviousness towards little wrongdoings.

Brand Management Across Geographic Boundaries and Market Segments Essay

Apple’s support of separation between item structures and its advancement of mystery around new item dispatches elevates the Apple persona. These make the Apple â€Å"halo effect,† where a purchaser of one Apple item has a high likelihood of coming back to Apple for different items too. Apple’s has underscored its exceptional retail locations through structure for a few of its leader areas just as fitting the retail experience to incorporate item â€Å"test drives†, classes and workshops equipped showing clients its items. With generally light nearness in lower-edge, higher-development geographic regions, Apple will encounter less of its radiance impact and diminished item/brand acknowledgment, bringing down deals potential. With China and India assessed to make up about 66% of PC advertise development through 2010, this could be a noteworthy test for Apple. Rivalry Against the Mac: Apple’s position is improving in the overall PC advertise; the Mac despite everything speaks to a little division of the general PC showcase. Apple appreciates a one of a kind favorable position of having something of a specialty showcase without expecting to contend legitimately with Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ) and (DELL) and Microsoft (MSFT) working frameworks for big business support. Against the iPod: Although Apple remains the business chief in PMPs, the opposition is making noteworthy increases. The prevalence of blaze based PMPs is hazardous for Apple, which has a lot more grounded showcase nearness in hard-drive based (HDD) players. To battle this, Apple may discharge another glimmer based line of players. Mac in the Living Room Apple’s iPod and iTunes are a ground-breaking mix that encourages a system style of expanding returns. By selling iPods, Apple builds the purchaser interest for music from iTunes. By setting progressively melodic decisions on iTunes there is more interest for iPods. Apple is going for the computerized lounge of things to come. For instance, Apple just discharged a â€Å"boom box† versatile form of the iPod. This accompanies a remote control. Apple is unmistakably attempting to build up a more grounded center competency in the amusement territory. Style at a Premium Apple’s items are in vogue and beautiful. After Jobs returned in 1997, Apple held an uncommon planner called Jonathan Ive to separate their PCs. Ive’s structure of the iMac included clear bright cases that recognized Apple PCs. Macintosh positions its Macintosh PCs as higher caliber and more significant expense. HP, Dell, and other PC producers are evaluating numerous frameworks. In spite of the fact that the Mac Mini is a base model with scarcely any highlights, it arrives in an extremely little and unmistakable bundle. Mac depicts this PC as â€Å"Small is Beautiful†. (Mac) Likewise, the iPod Shuffle was Apple’s first section of blaze memory-based convenient music players. Apple and the Digital Lifestyle Apple not just overwhelms the music player showcase, its iLife suite furnishes purchasers with simple to-utilize programming for music and video structure. With â€Å"podcast† a family word, Apple’s Garage Band application makes the chronicle of digital broadcasts and music exceptionally simple. Working Segments Apple breaks its deals into five â€Å"operating segments†. The graph underneath shows the deals by portion for every year 2002-2005. On a rate premise, just the retail section gives off an impression of being beating the others. Separation Apple spearheaded the PDA showcase by presenting the Newton in 1993. Afterward, Apple acquainted the simple with use iMac in 1998, and refreshes following 1998. In 2001, Apple hit another significant recorded point by propelling iTunes. This denoted the start of Apple’s new procedure of making the Mac the center point for the â€Å"digital lifestyle†. Apple at that point opened its own stores, notwithstanding fights by free. At that point Apple presented the iPod, fundamental to the â€Å"digital lifestyle† technique. Philip W. Schiller, VP of Worldwide Product Marketing for Apple, expressed, â€Å"iPod is going to change the manner in which individuals tune in to music.† He was correct. Apple proceeded with their inventive streak with progressions in level board LCDs for work areas in 2002 and improved scratch pad in 2003. In 2003, Apple discharged the iLife bundle, containing improved forms of iDVD, iMovie, iPhoto, and iTunes. Apple proceeded with its computerized way of life technique by propelling iTunes Music Store online in 2003, In 2003, Apple discharged the world’s quickest PC (Mac G5).

Different Types of Documents Produced in a Business Environment free essay sample

The various organizations where content might be introduced are textual style typefaces, headings, text dimension, impacts (striking, italics, underlined), hues and content boxes. We can organize message in passages, tables and sections. We can include visual cues, headers and footers. We can likewise include tables, charts, graphs and flowcharts as a reasonable method to speak to information and procedures. 1. 3 Explain the reason and advantages of delivering high caliber and alluring reports The records you produce for your association are a picture of portrayal of your association. So it makes an impact on the peruser about the guidelines of the association. A decent quality archive that looks great to the crowd can acquire clients and increment the company’s notoriety. The nature of your records is a reflection on you. 2. 3 Describe various kinds of innovation accessible for contributing, designing, and altering content and their principle includes A console and mouse would be the primary innovation to embed content into a PC. When utilizing a console you press the particular key for each character that requirements contributing, and this is moved on to the PC screen, in a word preparing program. A mouse encourages you explore on the PC screen to choose the projects to choose the projects to open and view and type the content. Another type of contributing could be reordering data from the web or another archive. You could even utilize a scanner to enter content and move records into the PC. Inside the Microsoft Word bundle, you have the accompanying instruments to design the content to make it look high caliber: - WordArt: this incorporates impacts, for example, shadows, diagrams, hues, slopes, and 3D impacts that can be added to a word or expression. WordArt can likewise twist, stretch, pivot, or adjust the state of the content. - Page design: the course of action of content, pictures and different items on a page. - Columns: this is a vertical division of content on a page, typically found in the design of booklets, papers, magazines and flyers. - Paragraphs: typically an unmistakable, short area on a record/bit of composing, ordinarily with a solitary subject. - Headers and footers: A header or footer is content or illustrations that is normally printed at the top or base of each page in a record. A header is imprinted in the top edge; a footer is imprinted in the base edge. The sorts of innovation that are accessible to alter content are: - Spell check: a PC program that recognizes potential incorrect spellings in a square of content by contrasting the content and a database of the right spellings. - Grammar check: this is a device on Microsoft programs that gives you accommodating insights to improve your sentence structure. - Find and supplant: this is a capacity that permits you to look for a specific word in a record and supplant it on the off chance that you have to rename more than single word. 3. Clarify the advantages of concurring the reason, substance, style and cutoff times for creating archives. The crowd of a record is the gathering of individuals for what it's identity is composed for. Along these lines, records ought to be intended to address the issues of the normal crowd. You have to know the motivation behind the archive so you realize what and how to deliver it, for instance, on the off chance that it is publicizing for youngsters you would need it to be attractive and in a style that will speak to them. It is critical to concur the substance so you can acquire the data, design and sort out the format. Cutoff times are significant so you can design other work around it and complete the record on schedule. 3. 2 Outline various methods of sorting out substance for reports. To sort out the substance you require for an archive, you first need to discover how the report is to be introduced and the data that will be incorporated. In any case, ways you could sort out substance could be: - Bullet focuses - Alphabetical requesting - Chronological request - Headings - Text - Graphs - Text boxes You should then store all the data required securely and with clear document names. 3. Diagram methods of incorporating and spreading out content and non-content. Content and non content can be coordinated effectively with Microsoft Word or Publisher. There are numerous methods of spreading out a record, utilizing sections, designs, and squares of content, headings, foundation hues, pictures and blank area and fold message over; which causes you to work around with its various highlights to get a steady configuration. Likewise there are other office applications that help with incorporating and spreading out content and non-content, for instance, Excel and PowerPoint, help with coordinating content and non-message in spread sheets and slides. Numerous associations utilize a logo on all their pieces of literature and their reports frequently have a quite certain style. This will be accomplished by continually utilizing similar textual styles, text dimensions, content and page hues and page format. 3. 4 Describe methods of checking completed records for exactness †including spelling, sentence structure and accentuation †and accuracy, and the motivation behind doing as such. At the point when you have wrapped up an archive, you should audit and check it completely before sending or printing the record. Word reports have a spell check work, anyway in any event, utilizing spell check probably won't be totally precise, subsequently utilizing a language structure beware of the archive too, will be progressively useful. In the wake of doing the spell and language checks, you could request that another partner edit your work †having an editor can help feature issues as they are a new arrangement of eyes that have not perused the report. Re-perusing the records a few days subsequent to finishing, may revive your brain to see any redresses and modifications. It is useful to contrast the last form and unique notes and unfinished copies. These checks are to guarantee that your report that you need to make is fit for reason and right before appearing to a senior individual from staff or creation of the record. 3. 5 Explain the motivation behind putting away archives securely and safely, and methods of doing as such. Any report with any delicate data ought to consistently be put away securely; electronically or truly. For instance, - A file organizer which can be bolted, as it might be required for sometime later/reference. Putting away private records electronically ought to consistently be put away with secret key insurance, on a sheltered and secure working framework. - Locking your PC if you’re leaving your work area, regardless of whether it is for only a couple of moments. - Being mindful who is around you or your work area when managing archives with private data on. 3. 6 Explain the motivation behind privacy and information security when planning records. Any type of individual data held about an individual inside an organization is ensured under the Data Protection Act; this implies all information ought to be kept private. This is noteworthy to guarantee no one will have the option to get the information and pass the data on. Secrecy is significant when getting ready reports, on the grounds that Oxfordshire County Council is associated with a great deal of individual information: †¢Full names †¢Contact subtleties (locations and telephone numbers) †¢Records When planning records we should know about what we are remembering for the archive, for instance in the event that you are including a photo, do you have the correct authorization to utilize it? As an organization, so as to ensure the clients and the proprietor, secrecy must be watched. 3. Clarify the reason and advantages of complying with time constraints. In the event that cutoff times are esteemed and complying with those time constraints is upheld, desires are reliable. It is significant that you produce your work to the most ideal standard so as to meet the prerequisites of the individual setting the undertaking. This will show you are capable and dependable and you can be depended upon to get things finished. You may not know who else may be hanging tight for your work; it could need to be given to another person. This may cause issues and deferrals in the work environment and could influence group connections.

Effective Writing and Analyzing a Comparative Report

Question: Examine about the Effective Writing and Analyzing a Comparative Report. Answer: Presentation Compelling composing is the sort of composing, which has coherent progression of thoughts and attachment in the substance (Paxton 2007). This investigation will look at two order subjects in particular Marketing Major and Music. The investigation will talk about the substance, learning sources and techniques for these two subjects. Aside from that, the investigation will likewise portray the profession open doors for both the subject and give suggestion upon the subject. See Point Similar examination between promoting major and music can feature various parts of the twp subjects. Examination of various components and center substance of these two subjects will light up additionally in its application regions. Promoting examines are the perfect focuses for the understudies towards looking for profession in the field of showcasing the board, universal advertising, hierarchical turn of events and operational administration. Then again, music is branch of knowledge with stresses on perceiving tune whereupon music organization is based. Similar Analysis As indicated by Woodward-Kron (2004), showcasing is the subject, which centers around advancement and the executives of progressing relationship with the clients, providers, accomplices, contenders and different partners in an association. The level of promoting doesn't just depends on one branch of knowledge; rather it creates showcasing aptitudes and gives learning of brain science towards understanding the psyche of buyers in an association. Aside from that, the substance of showcasing subject generally centers around business and managerial investigations. Then again, Coffin et al. (2003) opined that Music subject is the field of study, which is related with learning music. In addition, it contacts the learning spaces like subjective area, psychomotor area, music thankfulness and affectability. As per Bravo, Lucia-Palacios and Martin (2016), advertising can be gained from various rumored colleges both as graduate and college class. Aside from including classes inside the colleges, the understudy can likewise become familiar with the subject over the web. Different presumed colleges give online chances to the understudies for getting the hang of promoting and having degree regarding this matter. Then again, Juncos and Markman (2016) opined that understudies can likewise find out about Music subject from various expressions and music schools and colleges. The instructing and learning technique for advertising major and music is totally extraordinary. Music is something identified with expressions and promoting major is something identified with pragmatic methodology utilized in an association. Music subject can't be quantitative in strategy, though promoting major can be to some degree quantitative in approach. As per Coffin et al. (2003), understudy can get sufficient open doors in advertising major towards landing fitting positions. The majority of the understudies first get the open doors in quite a while and partner as a rule advertising. Aside from that, the alumni can likewise get open doors in promoting research, open connection chief, purchaser conduct expert, publicizing supervisor and some more. Then again, Woodward-Kron, R. (2004) opined that understudies can get enough vocation open doors in the music field in the wake of seeking after music subject. Also, the understudies can begin their vocation as music instructor, music mentor, music bookkeeper and others. Later on, the understudies can likewise build up their vocation as performer, music writer, executives and some more. End While closing the investigation, it tends to be said that Marketing Major Subject and Music are two unique sorts of order. Promoting Major is totally identified with functional methodology utilized in the associations. Then again, Music is totally identified with expressions and necessities to have intense of innovativeness in each viewpoint. Promoting major give profession openings in business industry, while music gives vocation openings in music industry. Suggestion The understudies having more force in managing open and difficulties in life should seek after promoting major. Then again, understudies having energy for music and instruments should seek after music as their subject. Both the subject has enough open doors in creating professions throughout everyday life. In any case, Marketing major is substantially more compelling to build up their professions as business enterprises are more in number when contrasted with music industry. References Bravo, R., Lucia-Palacios, L. what's more, Martin, M.J., 2016. Procedures and results in understudy cooperation. An exact examination in a promoting subject.Studies in Higher Education,41(2), pp.302-320. Final resting place et al. 2003. Composing for various controls. In: Coffin, Caroline; Curry, Mary Jane; Goodman, Sharon; Hewings, Ann; Lillis, Theresa and Swann, Joan eds. Showing Academic Writing: A Toolkit for Higher Education. London, UK: Routledge, pp. 4572. Juncos, D.G. what's more, Markman, E.J., 2016. Acknowledgment and Commitment Therapy for the treatment of music execution uneasiness: A solitary subject structure with a college student.Psychology of Music,44(5), pp.935-952. Paxton, M. 2007. Pressures between course book teaching method and the proficiency practices of the disciplinary network: An investigation of writing in first year economics.Journal Of English For Academic Purposes,6(2), 109-125. Woodward-Kron, R. 2004. Talk people group and composing apprenticeship: an examination of these ideas in undergrad Education understudies writing.Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3(2), pp.139-161.

GetYourGuide

GetYourGuide With Entrepreneurial Insights/Cleverism we want to help people interested in starting and growing their own companies. A good way to learn that is to listen to leading entrepreneurs and get their Entrepreneurial Insights.In this episode Johannes Reck, co-founder and CEO of GetYourGuide will share his knowledge, so you can make better decisions. Share this video or embed it on your website, so more people learn to become a better entrepreneur.Martin: Hi, today we are in the office of GetYourGuide in Berlin and next to me is sitting one of the founders, Johannes who are you and what do you do?Johannes: Well my name is Johannes and Im the co-founder and CEO of GetYourGuide.Martin: What did you do before you started this company?Johannes: I was actually a biochemistry student originally, so I worked in the lab. I worked on learning and memory with mice â€" this was Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and after that I had a brief stint as a management consultant for the Boston Consu lting Group, before I actually went off and co-founded GetYourGuide along with a couple of fellow students at the university in Switzerland.Martin: Was this your first contact with entrepreneurship?Johannes: Well get GetYourGuide was already a student project during the time when I went to university, so I would say stuff like the prequel to GetYourGuide which was a slightly different platform to where we are today, which was a student project for already, I think a year or two before we literally went into creating GetYourGuide as we know it today, was my first contact on entrepreneurship. But before that, I had none and I was also still you know what GetYourGuide and GetYourGuide journey started, I was 24 25 years old.Martin: And did you start this student initiative or just did you just join?Johannes: No, I started it.Martin: Oh, cool. Okay, how would you describe to the people out there how your typical business day looks like and how it changed from maybe the beginning of the company?Johannes: The very beginnings of the company you know were pretty simple, so we had a small room you know which pretty much looked like a garage. It wasn’t a garage, but it was more or less I would say the equivalent. At the University, there are no air conditioning and there was just one single window and we had a little server standing in the same room and everyone was doing everything, everyone was coding, everyone was you know was doing design and everyone was doing customers service, everyone was doing sales, so there was no real division of labour yet. I would say it is very basic and it was a great time, we basically studied throughout the day and then at night time came together in this small room and stuff like coded through and hacked our way to the first prototype and you know fast forward four years, it’s significantly changed I would say my days today are mostly dominated by running the executive team and the strategy for GetYourGuide. Investor relations is a big piece of it, I have to keep our shareholders aligned and our vision aligned and then finally I would say a lot of my time goes into a HR and Recruiting, so I talk a lot to the employees and try to figure out you know how we can improve the management of the company and Im also very much involved in getting new talent on board which is pivotal for a start up at our stage it is really the most important thing that you know we have high calibre and new recruits and thats something that Im really excited about and also very involved in. Martin: Okay and lets talk about the business model of GetYourGuide. What is the current business model of GetYourGuide?Johannes: Well GetYourGuide maybe just to explain it, GetYourGuide started off when I described the student project and the prototype. GetYourGuide started off as a peer-to-peer marketplace, so students could log in and become professional tour guides on our platform and sell their services to other travellers or other students, y ou know a little bit like a CouchSurf and AirBnB if you want for students and for sight-seeing. And that never really worked out, so we very much tanked that idea and within one-and-a-half or two years you know we realized that you know that it wasnt going anywhere and what we decided to do then, was to take a second stab at the market because what we saw was that a lot of local professional sight-seeing tour and activity companies that exist all over the world you know cannot really market themselves very well on the web and theres not a portal where you can just log in and where you create your content and then get distribution in the travel world, that just didnt exist. And the traditional value chain was extremely fragmented, where only a few lucky ones got a favoured and got distribution, particularly the big landmarks like Eiffel Tower or maybe the big Broadway Musical, those kind of like highlights.But you know the market, as we looked into it you know, it turned out to be ex tremely distributed and thats a very big long tail of local travel activity supplies and just to give you an example, a local Berlin Segway Tour Company or the food tour through Paris, I know the interesting movie tour in LA you know just to name a few and there’s many, many others. All that hadn’t been brought together and we thought, hey you know what, how about turn our original peer to peer model that wasnt working around and what about we create something new which is more of a professional marketplace for travel activities where we have a real extra net for suppliers to login and mention their inventory and their pricing and your management. And on the other hand have customers you know that have the opportunity to book all these great services and their destination and how the business model then turned out and you know its very naturally in that whenever a customer came to our website and found this great content and wanted to make a reservation, we would get a commissio n fee off of every booking that was made. And later on we also discovered that within the travel industry, there was a high demand for these sort of products for this sort of content and what we then did was that wrote an API for our platform where you know travel industry, agents or intermediaries or publishers could take our content and market it through their website and again take a commission in between. We would host the entire transaction would also get a fee that we would split with the publisher.So its very much a B to C or B to B to C model and where we always control the transaction and get a commission fee for every transaction thats made, which is a great proposition because at the end of the day we are only billing our suppliers for bookings that actually happened we don’t book them for listing or things and we don’t book them we dont bill them for clicks. Martin: Yeah like the performance marketing agency.Johannes: Very traditional performance marketing, thats th e way how the travel industry as a broader industry also works. So and the hotel reservations base which has gotten extremely big over the past ten years on the web, it’s exactly the same model.Martin: Yeah.Johannes: For flight booking, it’s the same model.Martin: When you started this kind of business or had this business idea, was this business idea related to the student initiative or was it just that you got some idea in the student initiative and then took it and founded your company?Johannes: No, it was it was a more traditional you know start-up in the sense that we had this idea and then we actually attended university classes in order to learn you know how you can found a company and the legal structure behind it and what the financial frameworks are and but we had this idea of digitizing exciting things to do and destinations and making them accessible on the web, that was the basic idea that weve been following for the past 6 years.Martin: And what have been your maj or assumptions when you had to decide whether you would like to pursue this kind of idea and how did you test this assumptions?Johannes: To be honest, looking back I think we didnt have many assumptions and I think we didnt have much of a clue, so I would say Im a lucky guy who stumbled into something great, like most great companies by the way. But we the only thing that, the only assumption that I think we made from the very beginning is that we thought that the market opportunity was very big and that you know that the turnover generated in travel activities worldwide and in each destination is very big and goes into the hundreds of millions and millions and that we validated through talking to local suppliers. But that’s about the only thing that we really validated I would say, we didnt really look into much more than that.Martin: Okay and what have been the major challenges for you for reaching your first million visitors per sample?Johannes: It’s always hard to pinpoint you know the specific challenges but I think the key challenge that every entrepreneur goes through in the holidays is insufficient resources and a huge endeavour. I think thats the key point you know, you only have so much time to get some traction and show that your model is working to a certain degree before you run out of funds, you can’t finance it yourself and the way how we dealt with that was, that in the beginning we just didnt spend money and everything we did, we did ourselves. So we had a totally do-it-yourself mentality, where we were hosting our own servers and Im writing all the code for the server hosting ourselves, we didnt do anything externally with that.Martin: Yeah.Johannes: As I said we had a server in that little tiny room, you know we built the code ourselves, we didn’t had any employees, we weren’t paying ourselves any salary, as much as we needed to, you know get the daily soup and in a way we are extremely self sufficient, you know we were burning ve ry, very little money. I mean, I think all the way through to the company turning over you know millions and millions of dollars already, we had burned through you know tiny amounts of funding, obviously as we then scaled, we put a lot of our funds to work but in the early days it was pretty self sufficient.Martin: And did you bootstrap company or was thisand to which point?Johannes: I was it was semi bootstrapped, so we were lucky that we actually put the founders put in money themselves in the very beginning, which you know I guess Ill call bootstrapping and we were living off of these funds.Martin: Yeah.Johannes: But additionally we got some money from a very early angel who had built Travel.ca which is Switzerlands biggest travel agency.Martin: Okay.Johannes: And from the local cantonal bank which is a historically interesting thing, but back in 2009 2010 when the company was founded, there was a lot of liquidity in the Swiss banking market.Martin: A grant or a loan equity?Joh annes: No, it was actually equity investment.Martin: Interesting.Johannes: It’s a very, very bizarre, I mean today I think banks wont do that anymore but back then it was the historic thing that they did it and you know we got lucky and got some investment, so but it was the majority of the money came out of the founders pocket, so we were boot-strapping that way.Martin: Okay, good. Lets talk about the corporate strategy of GetYourGuide, what you think is the competitive advantage of your company over the competitors and how do you try to maintain it or grow this competitive advantage?Johannes: I think competitive advantage for a marketplace model like ours is fairly easy, you have two pieces to the equation, one is demand and the other is supply and you build up the supply and then you build up the demand and then you match the two. And the more liquidity you get on each side, you know the more you drive your marketplace, the more valuable the asset becomes and I think everythin g that weve been focused around at the end of the day was to increase liquidity in our marketplace from the first day on and I think weve already come a very long way. You know a lot of the businesses on our marketplace today actually make their living off it.Martin: Alright.Johannes: I think this will only go up. I think ultimately we will become more and more important as a revenue stream for other businesses on our platform and then we also will make the entire market bigger because a lot of people that previously werent even into sightseeing, or doing things when they were travelling, now find it very easy and accessible. They find that its a much better way to travel. I think well make the market bigger and we will increase the liquidity of the existing monetary streams that now come increasingly through mobile and through the web and I think the more liquidity we can drive, the more competitive advantage we will have towards any competitor, because competitors always need to b uild up the same thing and marketplace are very difficult to replicate in a way that you have to get the supply and you have to become relevant to them. And I would say if you would found GetYourGuide again today or if I you know had the task to compete against our own company with that everything that I know and I would know that is very, very difficult because I would need to create the same dynamicMartin: Yeah.Johannes: That this company already has which today would mean spending a lot of money on marketing, on supply and to ramp it up to the same degree is extremely difficult because theres so many small pieces to it and ultimately you know I could name you from the marketing and the customers service and sales, etc. etc. like so many small competitive advantages but I think it all boils down to the concept of you know how big the liquidity is between the two pieces and you know you need all these small pieces to build it up.Martin: Let’s talk a little about the market for tr avelling, how do you perceive the past development in terms of the market size, market growth, and profitability maybe in some specific segments and what would be your focus for the future?Johannes: Well I think the travel market is a very interesting market, when we started it was actually already written off as more or less done online. Now we see a lot of investment coming back into the online travel market because there are a couple of fantastic outcomes for investors in the travel market in the past 3-4 years. Companies Kayak or Trivago from Germany. I would say generally we’re still very early days, with the technology. The travelling market is ripe for disruption, to put it mildly, particularly in your traditional airline and also the hotel pieces, our market is a little bit of an ignored area and the sort of travel that has no technology and which is also great because it allows us a lot of room to build technology into that piece of the market.I think generally the travel market is notorious for being a very, very, very big market. I think its next to probably health care, oil and gas and banking and finance are probably one of the top three for biggest markets in the world. It has on average very low margins and a lot of distribution in it and cross distribution. I think consolidation and that fragmented distribution market, through the distribution itself but also the technology that enables any sort of consolidation there, will happen over time and will be very interesting for investors and also new entrants.Martin: How do you think in this kind of market set up that you described, how should oneself position in it to for example, I mean as you talk about the value chain you could position yourself may be in a slot where the margins are higher?Johannes: That’s right, but it’s always, I mean you always have to think about you know margins versus volume. You know, flights in the travel market are notorious for low margins. Ive seen a couple of fantastic businesses set up on flights for instance Sky Scanner out the UK, great business lives off of flights, Kayak in the US is also great business. On the flipside, you can go into niche markets. I would say more upscale travel market where margins are higher. It really always depends on the business model and how you can get this scale. I think at the end of the day and travel you know whatever you do, you have to have a very, very solid grasp of your unit economics and of how you scale a company, its very easy in travel to scale losses because the margins are lower. Martin: Yeah.Johannes: And the repeated behaviour of customers are more difficult because customers dont repeat as often because they know you travel once a year or twice a year, so you have to have a very, very good sense of the unit economics and how you scale the company. I think thats the key in travel.Martin: So this would mean I would have to earn money on the first company on the first customer who comes an d not building on the belief that a customer would come repeatedly?Johannes: I think ultimately you have to get the customer to come repeatedly and thats something that everyone works on but from my understanding and from what Ive seen is that most or all successful travel companies makes money on the first transaction.Martin: Okay, that’s it. As we from Entrepreneurs Insights, we try to help young entrepreneurs and give them some advice from more senior entrepreneurs, what would be your advice for bootstrapping in a very good and efficient way, because you have some experience in this?Johannes: I think for bootstrapping, the most important thing about bootstrapping is, I think that you have a very clear objective where you want to go because a lot of entrepreneurs make the mistake that they bootstrap for too long and I always find that you have to know exactly what you want to do and then you have to go after it and you also have to be ready to pull the plug if you see that it is nt working. So I think creating clear objectives and outcomes is something that I find is very important and that isn’t done enough by people who do bootstrap. Particularly around her in Berlin, your standard of living is very cheap, you can bootstrap for years but I think that isn’t any productive.I think bootstrapping should just be a way to get started into the company and get your initial proof and you should have very clear objectives around that. I think another thing that I would say besides objectives is to that you know when you’re bootstrapping; you’re typically working with a few other people that believe in the project and the vision. I would think the right incentive structure for all these people that are on board, equity options and thinking that through as an entrepreneur, I think is very important. And also thinking about this already very long-term of how thats going to turn on 4 to 8 years and how are decisions being made in my company and what’s the sha reholders structure is, also new angels or VCs that are coming. Think thats another thing that I would really think about, there is a lot of literature about that on the web these days, not as much when I started but today there is a lot of literature on it and I think thats something I would really pay very close attention to.Martin: So thank you very much Johannes and maybe we can visit GetYourGuide next time.Johannes: Absolutely, I would be delighted.

Guilt in The Book Thief - Literature Essay Samples

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is set in Nazi Germany in World War II. Narrated by Death, the novel takes as its protagonist Liesel Meminger, a girl who grows up in a foster home where Jews arent seen as evil, in a departure from attitudes in the rest of Nazi Germany. Max, a Jew living in the Hubermanns basement, carries guilt on his shoulders as much as anyone else. He left his family, endangered a mans life, and jeopardized a whole family by living in their basement. Nazi Germany makes Max feel this way, persecuting Jews and threatening anyone who shows compassion towards the Jewish religion; naturally, guilt is a burden carried on the shoulders of many characters in The Book Thief. In The Book Thief, Max is the character who bears the most guilt. When a Nazi soldier knocks at Max’s family’s door, his mother finds a way to let him escape, but only Max can go, and he decides to leave: â€Å"If only he’d turned for one last look at his family as he left the apartment. Perhaps then the guilt would not have been so heavy. No final goodbye† (193). Max feels selfish and cruel, escaping the arms of the Fà ¼hrer and going to live a new life while his family is tortured and killed. He also feels guilty because he endangered the life of a dear friend, Walter Kugler, who helped Max find a family to live in. When Max arrives at 33 Himmel Street, and Rosa and Hans take care of him, Max says, Better than nothing, Max assured him. Better than I deserve— thank you' (208). Max feels guilty because he knows he is putting the Hubermanns in great danger by living in their basement. The Hubermanns barely have enough to eat with three people, so Ma x also feels guilty for taking what little food they have. Max, living in a cruel Nazi Germany, bears the guilt of a position where almost all of his decisions will hurt or affect anyone around him. Nazi Germany, suppressed by the iron fist of the Fà ¼hrer, becomes so awful the Jews and the citizens that are all miserable because of the circumstances of that place. Death describes the weight of survivors guilt: â€Å"Living was Living. The price was guilt and shame† (208). Such a cruel society regularly forces Max to understand that he doesn’t deserve the most basic things that people take for granted, and he should feel guilty for having them. The Hubermanns are also plagued with shame because society consistently tells them they should feel guilty and ashamed for doing the right thing. When Michael feels guilt for leaving the war alive, he says to Rosa Hubermann, â€Å"’ Why do I want to live? I shouldn’t want to but I do†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (487). He feels derelict for not staying with his mother during the air raid, thus feeling blameworthy for putting himself before his mother. Michael Holtzapfel has been through the death of his brother and the mai med and dead bodies of the war, and yet still wants to live, hating himself for it. In Germany, World War II, whether you were a Jew or one of Hitlers most loyal followers, Nazi Germany is so cruel it makes people feel guilty for having the desire to live. Mein Kampf, by Adolf Hitler, inspires the lives of many hate-filled individuals but also saved the life of Max Vandenburg. On his way to the Hubermann household, he receives a book from his savior: Midway through May 1940, Mein Kampf arrived, with a key taped to the inside cover. The man’s a genius, Max decided, but there was still a shudder when he thought about traveling to Munich (195). Now, instead of Hitler holding and possessing Hitler, Max is holding Hitler in his hand, escaping near death and receiving a second chance. Max is traveling to a new, strange, world, with only the familiarity of the power of Hitler and his book Mein Kampf. When Liesel is thinking about writing about her life, Death narrates, When she came to write her story, she would wonder exactly when the books and the words started to mean not just something, but everything. Was it when she first set eyes on the room with shelves and shelves of them? Or when Max Vandenburg arrived on Himmel Street carryi ng handfuls of suffering and Hitler’s Mein Kampf? (30). Hitlers book Mein Kampf means My Struggle, and Hitler completely opposes Jews, but Death also describes Max also bearing the suffering. The jewel-like words falling from Hitlers mouth and sprouting from the pages of Mein Kampf are eloquent enough to make a whole nation fall in love with them and believe that Hitler suffered while Jews dont suffer at all. Mein Kampf is truly both a torture weapon and a heroic object that saved a Jews life. Many of the characters in The Book Thief have lost family members, and many wrestle with the survivor’s guilt of continuing to live while their loved ones do not. Hans believes he owes his life to Erik Vandenburg, who saved him during World War I. As a result, he believes he is responsible for caring for Erik’s family in any way they need, and allows Max, Eriks son, to reside safely in the Hubermanns basement. Max, however, also has his feelings of responsibility. When he arrives at the Hubermanns’ house, he is so consumed by guilt over having left his family to die, taking the little food the Hubermanns have, and endangering the whole Hubermann household for his own survival. Guilt in The Book Thief is an idea many characters fight with, and many characters like Michael Holzapfel give in to the guilt of wanting to live.

Impact Of Slavery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1075 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Slavery Essay Did you like this example? Many depict slavery as a regional institution of cruelty in the South, however, it is also certain that it is the minds behind the broader American economic prosperity in the north. The slave economy in the south had gradually expanding influences all through the whole U.S. economy, mostly due to a lot of merchants in Boston, New York City, and anywhere else arranging the exchange of slave-developed agrarian items and getting very wealthy. Cotton was offering a purpose behind business merchants and creators in the north to manufacture factories in such places as Lowell, Portsmouth, Rhode Island, etc., creating a connection between New Englands Industrial Revolution to the advancing Deep South. During the years of slavery in the American Republic, cotton impacted the economic development of not just the South, but the North too. Although the United States of America had acquired much of Europes innovations at the time of the Industrial Revolution, an exceptional amount of American innovations and technologies came about at the beginning of the early nineteenth century that would greatly impact the north. These inventions impacted manufacturing, communication, and especially agriculture in the south (Lecture, 10-22-18). Modern technologies and innovations offered ascend to the Cotton Kingdom. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Slavery" essay for you Create order The Cotton Kingdom demanded constant growth, and slavery would likely have spread if not for the Civil War (Lecture, 11-9-18). Cotton fiber is famously and historically known to be difficult to separate from the seed by hand. Eli Whitneys cotton gin separated the fiber from the seed quickly and efficiently; and in the 1790s, led to the expansion of cotton plantations in the following years (Lecture, 10-24-18). With the cotton gin and with steam engines moving production, the manufacturing of cotton cloth suddenly became affordable as the 18th century turned into the 19th century (Lecture, 10-24-18). The cotton gin enabled more material to be generated. Whitney couldnt have anticipated the way by which his development would change society for the even worse. The most important, the development of slavery. While the thought is to demonstrate that the cotton gin lessened the work of removing seeds, it didnt diminish the requirement for the slaves to grow and pick the cotton, but did ind eed impact the north for the better. Cotton developing turned out to be so beneficial for the plantation owners that it significantly expanded their interest for both land and slave work (Lecture, 10-24-18). Demand was powered by different innovations of the Industrial Revolution, for example, the machines to turn and weave it, and the steamboats to transport it (Lecture, 10-22-18). Midcentury America was growing seventy-five percent of the worlds supply of cotton, its majority dispatched to England or New England where it was produced into fabric (Lecture, 10-22-18). And, it was all due to the invention of quality steam engines which had the impact of an enormous increase of cotton production (Lecture, 10-22-18). Steam engines, in theory, were the back bones of the industrial revolution. Before steam engines were invented, manufactories were limited. However, with the modern innovation of the steam engine, mills, and manufactories could be located in so many more locations. As cotton was becoming a tremendous cash crop , slavery was given a new role. If the cotton gin, steam engines, and other technologies were not created, slavery may have been able to slowly go away. With a new huge demand for cotton at this time, much more land and labor was needed, meaning that this new face of slavery was to spread across even more southern states, and especially impact the north. Slaves were often owned by affluent families who benefited from a thriving economy. One of these families was the Goodwin family; specifically Ichabod Goodwin, a successful merchant. Goodwin soon became a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and becoming master and part owner of several ships, and eventually the owner of banks, railroads, and textile factories. Cotton production and cargo was the main power behind these technologies, specifically Goodwins ships and textiles factories. Cotton cargo being sent to the north gave these ship captains and textile manufactures in the north immense wealth. With all this wealth in merchants hands, slaves were clearly not given reciprocation for their work nearly as much as the merchants and northern businessmen. An important part of Goodwins history is documented in the University of New Hampshires Special Collections as a letter sent to a ship captain from Goodwin himself, gives great insight to how cotton production fueled not only his wealth, but the northern economy (Goodwin and Coues, Letter to William Parsons.) In 1838 from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Ichabod Goodwin sent a letter to William Parsons, a ship captain. At this time, Goodwin was a business merchant and sailor himself, asking Parsons about the best price he can get for a shipment of cotton cargo and whether it would be better to shi p it to a Portsmouth mill or to Liverpool (Goodwin and Coues, Letter to William Parsons.) This primary source is a great document to exemplify how cotton from the south effected the economy in the north through profits off of cotton cargo shipments being sent from the south to the north. Indeed, New England manufactories were taking in large amounts of southern cotton as the mills advanced the U.S. as the second greatest textile producer in the entire nation. During the years of slavery in the American Republic, cotton impacted the economic development of not just the South, but the North too. Amid the 1850s, the U.S. economy developed quickly, driven by offers of open land, cotton creation, and manufactories of textiles. In 1860 the south produced more than a couple billion pounds of cotton (Lecture, 10-22-18). Additionally, cotton trades represented sixty percent of the nations fares, the majority of which were dealt with by New York City, the newer outlet for the United States. The South provided eighty percent of the cotton for materials produced in Britain and the majority of the cotton for materials made in New Englands factories. The economy of America at the time was in-between a transition headed to the Civil War. The economy was first almost purely agrarian, which would then transition into an industrial revolution, making America a great leader for industrial power. The North was now well on its way to making huge impacts from slavery and production of materials from the south. Slavery was indeed the driver behind American economic prosperity in the north.

Character Comparison Titus Andronicus And Prince Hamlet

Essay One Character comparison: Titus Andronicus and Prince Hamlet The two major characters, Hamlet and Titus of Shakespearean plays, Hamlet and Titus Andronicus are characteristic in terms of considering revenge and aspiring to avenge the murders. However, the two are quite different in their approach toward revenge. This is due to the fact that two protagonist in their respective plays consider revenge differently since Titus is anxious to avenge the murder and Hamlet delays his decision of taking revenge while seeking other alternatives to revenge such as suicide. Therefore, the theme of procrastination in Hamlet is the cause of delay in taking the revenge of Hamlet’s father’s murder. However, the theme of long delays and seeking alternative to revenge such as in the form of suicide while c considering it less sinful as compare to revenge from the aspect of the Christian theology also discloses that Hamlet is sensible and even in the times of emotional instability, he does not fall beneath what is humanlike behavior. On the contrary, Titus does not show such emotional savvy while expression grave concern and shows eagerness to avenge the murder (Burwick 24). In fact, the two characters in Shakespeare’s plays are very significant since their stance against the damaged honor is similar. Titus and Hamlet have their own individual moral standpoints on taking revenge in which one display emotional outbursts that is Titus and another shows maturity of thought whileShow MoreRelated Comparing the Use of Language in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet2966 Words   |  12 PagesComparing the Use of Language in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet As characters of high birth and important political positions, Titus and Hamlet are necessarily observed closely by those around them for their reaction to the tragic events that have taken in place in their lives; and it is primarily the unique language with which they express their grief and anger that disconcerts both their enemies and their friends, and keeps them under an exacting scrutiny for the duration of their eponymousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare : The Greatest Playwright Of All Times1845 Words   |  8 PagesNetwork). Following the lost years in 1592, Shakespeare left Stratford to London so he could pursue his career. He does have a few works including The Comedy of Errors, Henry IV Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3, Richard III, The Taming of the Shrew, and Titus Andronicus. 1592 was truly Shakespeare s time in the limelight. Shakespeare became well known by many people in London as an established playwright, in addition, Shakespeare was an actor, writer, director, and stockholder of a theatrical company in LondonRead More Shakespeare - Authorship Essays1781 Words   |  8 Pagesin many ways represented in the plays attributed to Shakespeare of Stratford. For example, in the play Hamlet, de Vere describes many of the details of his life. Like the main character Hamlet, de Vere is virtually a prince and also of Danish decent. De Vere’s cousins, Horance and Francis are strikingly similar in name and action to Hamlet’s two friends, Horatio and Francisco. The anguish Hamlet felt due to his mother’s hasty remarriage after the murder of her husband was also similar to the distressRead MoreEssay A Comparison of Macbeth and Hamlet2672 Words   |  11 PagesA Comparison of Macbeth and Hamlet MACBETH stands in contrast throughout with Hamlet; in the manner of opening more especially. In the latter, there is a gradual ascent from the simplest forms of conversation to the language of impassioned intellect,—yetRead MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 Pagesyears younger. He makes a brief appearance in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love as a boy who tortures mice, spies on Shakespeare’s love-making, and feels inspired to take up the pen himself after seeing Shakespeare’s blood-soaked revenge tragedy, Titus Andronicus. ‘Plenty of blood. That’s the only writing’, he asserts. This affectionate but crude caricature testifies to Webster’s reputation for writing dark and violent plays. Yet it also testifies to the enduring popularity of those plays. Shakespeare

The Power of the Press African American News Publications in the Jim Crow Era

Throughout United States history, the press has played a significant role in social conflicts and political events. In the African American community, newspapers played a vital role in fighting racism and social injustice. As early as 1827, writers John B. Russwurm and Samuel Cornish published the Freedoms Journal  for the freed African American community. Freedoms Journal was also the first African-American news publication. Following in Russwurm and Cornishs footsteps, abolitionists such as   Frederick Douglass and Mary Ann Shadd Cary published newspapers to campaign against enslavement.   Following the Civil War, African American communities throughout the United States desired a voice that would not only expose injustices, but also celebrate everyday events such as weddings, birthdays, and charity events. Black newspapers cropped up in southern towns and northern cities. Below are three are the most prominent papers during the Jim Crow Era.   The Chicago Defender Published: 1905Founding Publisher: Robert S. AbottMission: The Defender utilized the tactics of yellow journalism to expose racism and oppression that African-Americans faced throughout the United States. Robert S. Abott published the first edition of The Chicago Defender with an investment of twenty-five cents. He used his landlord’s kitchen to print copies of the paper—a collection of news clippings from other publications and Abott’s own reporting. By 1916, The Chicago Defender boasted a circulation of more than 15,000 and was considered one of the best African-American newspapers in the United States. The news publication went on to have a circulation of over 100,000, a health column and a full page of comic strips. From the outset, Abbott employed yellow journalistic tactics-sensational headlines and dramatic news accounts of African-American communities throughout the nation. The tone of the paper was militant and referred to African-Americans, not as black or negro but as the race. Graphic images of lynchings, assaults and other acts of violence against African-Americans were published prominently in the paper. As an initial supporter of The Great Migration, The Chicago Defender published train schedules and job listings in its advertising pages as well as editorials, cartoons, and news articles to persuade African-Americans to relocate to northern cities. Through its coverage of the Red Summer of 1919, the publication used these race riots to campaign for anti-lynching legislation. Writers such as Walter White and Langston Hughes served as columnists; Gwendolyn Brooks published one of her earliest poems in the pages of the Chicago Defender. The California Eagle Published: 1910Founding Publisher(s): John and Charlotta BassMission: Initially, the publication was to help African-American migrants settle in the West by providing housing and job listings. Throughout the Great Migration, the publication focused on challenging injustice and racist practices in the United States. The Eagle led campaigns against racism in the motion picture industry. In 1914, publishers of The Eagle printed a series of articles and editorials protesting the negative portrayals of African-Americans in D.W. Griffith’s Birth of a Nation. Other newspapers joined the campaign and as a result, the film was banned in several communities across the nation. On the local level, The Eagle used its printing presses to expose police brutality in Los Angeles. The publication also reported on and discriminatory hiring practices of companies such as the Southern Telephone Company, Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Boulder Dam Company, the Los Angeles General Hospital, and the Los Angeles Rapid Transit Company. The Norfolk Journal and Guide Published: 1910Founding Publisher: P.B. YoungCity: Norfolk, Va.Mission: Less militant than newspapers in northern cities, the publication focused on traditional, objective reporting of issues impacting African-American communities in Virginia. When The Norfolk Journal and Guide was established in 1910, it was a four-page weekly news publication. Its circulation was estimated at 500. However, by the 1930s, a national edition and several local editions of the newspaper were published throughout Virginia, Washington D.C., and Baltimore. By the 1940s, The Guide was one of the best-selling African-American news publications in the United States with a circulation of more than 80,000. One of the biggest differences between The Guide and other African-American newspapers was its philosophy of objective news reporting of events and issues facing African-Americans. In addition, while other African-American newspapers campaigned for the Great Migration, the editorial staff of The Guide argued that the South also offered opportunities for economic growth. As a result, The Guide, like the Atlanta Daily World was able to acquire advertisements for white-owned businesses on a local and national level. Although the papers less militant stance enabled The Guide to garner large advertising accounts, the paper also campaigned for improvements throughout Norfolk that would benefit all of its residents, including reducing crime as well as improved water and sewage systems.

The Effects Of Media And Stereotypes On Women - 1554 Words

Women Leaders and The Effects of Media and Stereotypes Confidence, integrity, purpose, empowerment, determination, and courage. These are some of the many words associated with leadership. Regardless of gender, these words apply to all leaders. It is no longer a question of what women leaders are, but rather why there are not women leaders. Today’s society focuses on fulfilling leadership positions with males, not because females do not have the same skills and knowledge as men, but because people associate men with leaders. There are various daily obstacles that women face in the attempt towards leadership roles including prejudice beliefs, resistance due to stereotypes, leadership styles, family life demands and underinvestment in social capital. We have found that through depictions in the media, women are not seen as effective leaders in the same sense as men. These media findings and various research techniques provide evidence for the lack of female presence in leadership positions. Media Review As part of our research, we Googled different images associated with women and leadership. When you Google women leaders, what do you see? Countless images of beautiful women appear. Women have always had to walk a fine line when it comes to their femininity in the workforce. If a woman is too â€Å"girly†, she is looked down upon. When a woman is too â€Å"masculine†, she is looked down upon. Google pictures of women news casters. Many news casters today are dressed in a sexy andShow MoreRelatedMedia Stereotypes’ Effect on Women in the Workplace Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorist. These are just a few of the many stereotypes that are portrayed by the media. A stereotype is an oversimplified conception that you put on someone because of the way they look, what gender they are, or countless other categories that we put people in. Many people fail to realize how the media influences the way they think about people of a different nationality, race, religio n, or gender. This widespread belief in stereotypes has adversely affected women in the workplace. Ann Hopkins is aRead MoreEssay about Gender Based Stereotype in the Media1723 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The media plays an extremely important and arguably the most powerful role in shaping the perception individuals and members of the public holds towards themselves and their surroundings. This therefore makes it extremely difficult for one to maintain his/her unique self identity or perception of others without the influence of the media. People will define themselves and others based on the messages insinuated by the media. The problem hence emerges when the media insinuate the wrongRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 PagesMedia is a major contributor of how social groups are perceived in today’s society. Mediais around us every day almost all day, and it constantly sends messages about the world’s environment. There are many indicators shown pertaining to how media really affects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and b iased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting mediaRead MoreComparison of Turkeys in the Kitchen and You Just Walk on By Essays1640 Words   |  7 PagesIn the essays, â€Å"Turkeys in the Kitchen† by Dave Barry, and â€Å"Just Walk on By† by Brent Staples, they argue the theme of gender, and racial stereotypes that have been present in our world from the very beginning. Barry suggests through a sarcastic and humors tone that gender stereotypes have been present since before the start of time; he uses a highly conversational style to prove this, as well as narrates to give the reader a better understanding of exactly what he’s talking about. Staples, on theRead MoreEssay Negative Stereotypes of Women1164 Words   |  5 Pages1301 3 December 2011 The Negative Impact of Stereotypes Stereotype- a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group (Dictionary). In simpler words, stereotypes are judgments based on actions of an individual or small group, thought to be true about the rest of that group. Stereotypes refer to individuals perceptions that typically do not correspond to reality. A stereotype is a picture in the head, not an accurate mirrorRead MoreStereotyping Is Inevitable, By James Baldwin1717 Words   |  7 Pagesis inevitable, we all do it ad we all experience it, but this does not mean it does not effect us. Stereotypes are all around us. They effect the way we think about ourselves and the way we think about the people around us. Stereotyping leads us to act certain ways and treat people certain ways. At times it can be beneficial to a certain group, but may bring many disadvantages to others. Many times stereotypes limit us and restricting our success in life. In â€Å"A Letter to My Nephew,† by James BaldwinRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Women s Perceptions Of Image, Gender Roles, And Overall Self Worth Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesMedia plays a huge role in people’s perceptions of image, gender roles, and overall self worth. The media is constantly reinforcing limiting stereotypes through television, advertisements, films, and more. These stereotypes are especially geared towards women, suggesting that they have to look and act in an overtly feminine manner in order to be accepted by society. Though there are stereotypical qualities of men illustrated in media as well, they are mostly suggesting that men are dominant andRead MoreWomen s Role Model On The Media930 Words   |  4 Pageswoman in the media as their role models. However, the woman in the media can either set the best examples, or the worst. Some of these women tend to advertise their entire lives over the media, and depending on the woman depends on the examples they are setting for women everywhere. Some of these role models on the media attempt to follow the woman stereotype, and they advertise themselves like they have accomplished it, and it is something that every woman can live by. Regular women see these famousRead MoreBlack Women Stereotypes763 Words   |  4 PagesThe stereotypical misrepresentations of African-American women and men in popular culture have influenced societal views of Blacks for centuries. The typical stereotypes about Black women range from the smiling, asexual and often obese Mammy to the promiscuous Jezebel who lures men with her sexual charms. However, the loud, smart mouthed, neck-rolling Black welfare mother is the popular image on reality television. The typical stereotype about Black men is the violent, misogynistic thug, and theRead MoreKilling Us Softly : Advertising s Image Of Women913 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertising’s Image of Women In the video, Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women, the way women are portrayed in advertising is explored in great detail. The video exposes the gender stereotypes that are depicted in advertising on a regular basis. The effects of mass advertising are also explored particularly the effect of objectification of women on young girls. Young girls and women are affected by these constant and never-ending advertisements sexualizing women and marginalizing them

Lcci Passport to Sucess Level 1 Book-Keeping Answer Free Essays

string(443) " motor vehicles to Wong Ltd \(g\) Paid a creditor, T Bird, by cash \(h\) Paid by cheque for the motor vehicle bought from Wong Ltd Debit Office Furniture C Bing Motor Vehicles Bank Bank Wong Ltd T Bird Wong Ltd Credit Cash Office Furniture Wong Ltd P Butler Capital Motor Vehicles Cash Bank Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 The left hand side of a ‘T’ account is the debit side and the right hand side is the credit side\." Level 1 Book-keeping Solutions Booklet For further information contact us: Tel. +44 (0) 8707 202909 Email. enquiries@ediplc. We will write a custom essay sample on Lcci Passport to Sucess Level 1 Book-Keeping Answer or any similar topic only for you Order Now com www. lcci. org. uk London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) International Qualifications are provided by EDI, a leading international awarding body. Passport to Success Level 1 Book-keeping Solutions Booklet The initials LCCI and the words LONDON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY are registered trademarks belonging to the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry and are used under licence. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.  © EDI 2008 First published in 2008. All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Cover photo: www. fotolia. com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. The Accounting Equation and the Balance Sheet Double entry system for assets, liabilities and capital Recording double entry for stock The double entry system for Expenses and Revenues and the Effect of Profit (or loss) and drawings upon capital 1 4 7 11 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Balancing accounts and the Trial Balance Trading and Profit Loss Accounts: An introduction The Balance Sheet Final Accounts with further considerations The Division of the Ledger and Books of Original Entry 16 25 28 31 38 39 41 44 48 53 56 59 62 68 71 75 77 81 82 10. Bank Facilities 11. Cash Books 12. The Sales and Purchases Day Books 13. The Returns Day Books 14. The Journal 15. The Petty Cash Imprest System 16. Adjusting for accruals and prepayments 17. Depreciation of Fixed Assets 18. Bad Debts 19. Bank Reconciliation Statements 20. Capital and Revenue Expenditure 21. Errors in the accounts and their corrections 22. Control Accounts 23. Final Accounts and year end adjustments Chapter 1 The Accounting Equation and the Balance Sheet Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 5 – Why are liabilities shown on the right hand side of the balance sheet and not on the left? Because based on the accounting equation it has to be on the same side as capital. Answers to Activities Activity 1. 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) L A A A (e) L (f) A (g) C Activity 1. 2 ASSETS ? 5 000 4 200 4 100 3 500 6 900 CAPITAL ? 000 2 500 2 800 2 400 4 100 LIABILITIES ? 2 000 1 700 1 300 1 100 2 800 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) ‘†¦assets less liabilities equals capital’. assets liabilities debtor creditor Balance Sheet 1 Question 2 ASSETS ? 3 100 800 2 200 LIABILITIES ? Shop fittings Cash register Stock of goods Creditors Loan – T Armani Bank 1 00 0 1 800 870 6 970 2 800 Capital = Assets – Liabilities Capital = 6970 – 2800 = ? 4170 Question 3 M Williams Balance Sheet at 30 June 20X6 ? Cash at Bank Stock of goods Fixtures and Fitting Debtors Motor vehicles 2 614 5 860 1 900 3 750 4 200 18 324 Creditors Loan – D Wong Capital (missing item) ? 4 150 3 600 10 574 _____ 18 324 Question 4 Transactions (a) The owner borrows ? 5000 from L Pole and the money is put into the business’ bank account. A debtor pays the business ? 250 by cheque. The owner buys a motor vehicle on credit ? 6200. The owner withdraws ? 160 from the business’s bank account for his personal use. The business sells goods on credit for ? 840. The owner puts a further ? 000 in cash into the business. The money is put into the business’s bank account. The business pays a creditor ? 290 by cheque. Assets + Bank Effect upon Liabilities + Loan Capital (b) (c) (d) + Bank – Debtors + Motor Vehicle – Bank + Creditors – Capital (e) (f) – Stock + Debtors + Bank + Capital (g) – Bank – Creditors 2 Question 5 W Mandrake Balance Sheet at 30 June 20 X5 ? 5 360 4 500 1 845 2 800 5 100 19 605 ? 2 900 3 000 13 705 _____ 19 605 Stock of goods Debtors Cash at Bank Fixtures and fittings Motor vehicles Creditors Loan – L Walter Capital (balancing figure) W Mandrake Balance Sheet at 31 July 20X5 ? Stock of goods Creditors (5360 + 700 – 600) 5 460 (2900 + 700 – 400) Debtors Loan – L Walter (4500 – 1100 + 600) 4 000 Capital Cash at Bank (balancing figure) (1845 – 400 + 1100) 2 545 Fixtures and Fittings 2 800 Motor Vehicles 5 100 19 905 ? 3 200 3 000 13 705 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 905 Question 6 D Duncan Balance Sheet at 21 January 20X7 ? 20 000 2 100 500 100 700 123 300 ______ 123 300 ? 120 000 3 300 Motor Vehicles Stock of goods (1500 + 600) Debtor – A Gianna Cash at Bank (101 000 – 300) Capital Creditor – Stax Suppliers (3000 + 600 – 300) Question 7 The difference between a cash transaction and a credit transaction is based on when payment is made. With a cash transaction, payment is made immediately for goods and/or services purchased while in a credit transaction payment is made 3 Chapter 2 Double Entry System for Assets, Liabilities and Capital Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 16 – Why is it necessary to keep separate accounts for each debtor and creditor? So it can clearly be seen how much is owed to individual creditors and how much is owed by individual debtors. Answers to Activities Activity 2. 1 (a) Bought office furniture for cash (b) Sold some office furniture on credit to C Bing (c) Bought motor vehicles on credit from Wong Ltd (d) A debtor, P Butler, pays the business by cheque (e) The owner puts a further amount into the business by cheque (f) Returned one of the motor vehicles to Wong Ltd (g) Paid a creditor, T Bird, by cash (h) Paid by cheque for the motor vehicle bought from Wong Ltd Debit Office Furniture C Bing Motor Vehicles Bank Bank Wong Ltd T Bird Wong Ltd Credit Cash Office Furniture Wong Ltd P Butler Capital Motor Vehicles Cash Bank Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 The left hand side of a ‘T’ account is the debit side and the right hand side is the credit side. To ‘debit’ an account the transaction is entered on the left hand side and to ‘credit’ an account, the transaction is entered on the right hand side. Question 2 There must be a debit entry and a corresponding credit entry of the same value (and vice versa) for every transaction that occurs. Question 3 To know when to debit or credit an account, you will first need to determine the type of the account and decide how the transaction will affect the account ;( whether increase or decrease) and then apply the double entry rules as below: To increase an asset, DEBIT the account To decrease an asset, CREDIT the account To increase a liability or capital, CREDIT the account To decrease a liability or capital, DEBIT the account 4 Question 4 Bank ? 20X2 6 000 July 15 July 29 20X2 July 01 Capital Office Machinery Elstead Garage ? 420 2 900 Capital 20X2 July 01 Bank ? 6 000 20X2 July 06 Motor Vehicle ? Elstead Garage 2 800 20X2 July 29 Bank Elstead Garage ? 20X2 2 800 July 06 Motor vehicle ? 2 800 20X2 July 15 Bank Office Machinery ? 420 20X2 July 23 Office Equipment ? Longmore Sons 70 Longmore Sons 20X2 July 23 Office equipment ? 370 Question 5 Cash ? 20X9 2 000 April 08 300 April 30 20X9 April 01 April 29 Capital Bank Bank Furniture World ? 1 000 800 5 Bank 20X9 April 01 April 03 April 08 Capital Loan – S Lee Cash ? 8 000 3 000 1 000 20X9 April 14 April 23 April 29 Delivery Van Loan – S Lee Cash ? 1 500 1 200 300 Capital 20X9 April 01 April 01 Cash Bank ? 2 000 8 000 20X9 April 23 Loan – S. Lee ? 20X9 1 200 April 03 Bank ? 3 000 20X9 April 14 Bank Delivery Van ? 1 500 20X9 April 20 Furniture World Office Furniture ? 20X9 1 100 April 26 Furniture World ? 200 20X9 April 26 April 30 Office Furniture Cash Furniture World ? 20X9 200 April 20 800 Office Furniture ? 1 100 6 Chapter 3 Recording Double Entry for Stock Answers to Activities Activity 3. 1 Debit Office Furniture Cash Purchases A Litton D Penarth Motor Van Returns Inwards Purchases Credit Cash Sales A Litton Returns Outwards Sales Grange Garage D Penarth Bank a) Bought office furniture for use in the business by cash (b) Sold goods for cash (c) (d) (e) (f) Bought goods on credit from A Litton Returned to A Litton some of the goods bought Sold goods on credit to D Penarth Purchased motor van on credit from Grange Garage (g) D Penarth returned some goods to us (h) Bought goods paying immediately by cheque Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 ‘Pu rchases’ means goods bought by the business with the intention of reselling them for profit as a part of its trading activities. ‘Sales’ means oods sold by the business that were originally bought for resale purposes. In other words, the sale of those goods in which the business trades or deals. Question 2 (a) This is not good practice. Parts returned to suppliers should be credited to a Returns Outwards Account and parts returned from customers should be debited to Returns Inwards Account. This is necessary to provide information on the totals of the returns and to assess whether these are increasing or decreasing over time. (b) Goods sold for cash is recorded by debiting the cash account and crediting the sales account. Goods sold on credit is first recorded by debiting the debtor account and crediting the sales account; when the debtor pays for the goods his account is credited and the bank/cash is debited. Question 3 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Sold goods on credit to F. Winter N. Armour returns goods to you You settle a creditor’s account by cheque F. Winter pays his account You pay Grange Garages by cheque the amount due on the delivery vehicle previously purchased You return goods to B. Smart Debit F Winter Returns Inwards Creditor Bank Grange Garages B Smart Credit Sales N Armour Bank F Winter Bank Returns Outwards Question 4 20X7 March 01 Capital March 30 B Wright Bank ? 20X7 10 000 March 03 Office Furniture 70 March 23 Scales Motors March 26 T Hunt ? 460 3 600 320 Capital 20X7 March 01 Bank ? 10 000 20X7 March 03 Bank Office Furniture ? 460 20X7 March 05 Purchases Purchases ? 375 T Hunt 20X7 20X7 ? March 08 Returns Outwards 55 March 05 March 26 Bank 320 Purchases ? 375 Returns Outwards 20 X7 March 08 T Hunt ? 55 20X7 March 12 Sales B Wright 20X7 ? 156 March 19 March 30 Returns Inwards Bank ? 26 70 Sales 20X7 March 12 B Wright ? 56 8 20X7 March 15 Scales Motors Motor Vehicle ? 3 600 20X7 March 23 Bank Scales Motors ? 20X7 3 600 March 15 Motor Vehicle ? 3 600 20X7 March 19 B Wright Returns Inwards ? 26 Question 5 20X7 October 01 Capital October 17 Cash Cash 20X7 ? 8 600 October 02 80 October 07 ? 8 000 179 Bank Purchases Capital 20X7 October 01 Cash ? 8 600 20X7 October 02 Cash October 23 Loan – R Nandha October 31 J Durrant Bank ? 20X7 8 000 October 21 October 29 1 200 303 Motor Vehicle M Price ? 1 990 100 20X7 October 03 October 07 M Price Cash Purchases ? 250 179 20X7 October 13 Returns Outwards October 29 Bank M Price ? 0X7 October 03 32 100 Purchases ? 250 9 Fixtures Fittings 20X7 October 05 Display Ltd ? 2 750 20X7 October 07 Display Ltd ? 730 Display Ltd 20X7 ? 20X7 ? October 09 Fixtures Fittings 30 October 05 Fixtures Fittings 2 750 20X7 October 11 Sales J Durrant 20X7 ? 345 October 26 Returns Inwards October 31 J Durrant ? 42 303 Sales 20X7 October 11 J Durrant October 17 Cash ? 345 80 Returns Outwards 20X7 October 13 M Pr ice ? 32 20X7 October 21 Bank Motor Vehicle ? 1 990 Loan – R Nandha 20X7 October 23 Bank ? 1 200 20X7 October 26 J Durrant Returns Inwards ? 42 10 Chapter 4 The Double Entry System for Expenses and Revenues and the Effect of Profit (or Loss) and Drawings upon Capital Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 36 – What kinds of expense and revenue accounts would you expect to see in the books of a Bank? Revenue Accounts Loan interest receivable Commission receivable Service charges (eg. bank charges) Expense Accounts Interest payable Salaries and wages Insurance Stationery Utilities Answers to Activities Activity 4. 1 Transactions Paid general expenses in cash ? 150 Received commission by cheque ? 230 Paid for office stationery by cash ? 5 Paid telephone by cheque ? 230 Received interest of ? 350 by cheque Accounts General Expense Cash Bank Commission Receivable Office Stationery Cash Telephone Bank Bank Interest Receivable Type of account Expense Asset Asset Revenue Expense Asset Expense Asset Asset Revenue Transaction effect Increase Decrease Increase Increase Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase I ncrease Action in the account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 (a) Revenue (b) The entries are on the credit side of the account. 11 Question 2 Expense accounts should be debited and revenue accounts should be credited. Question 3 20X3 April 01 April 24 April 30 Bank 20X3 ? 5 000 April 03 85 April 05 1 000 April 14 April 21 April 27 ? 370 260 130 20 385 Capital Sales Capital Office Equipment Rent Cash Stationery A Smart Capital 20X3 April 01 April 30 Bank Bank ? 5 000 1 000 20X3 April 03 Bank Office Equipment ? 370 20X3 April 05 Rent Rent ? 260 20X3 April 08 A Smart Purchases ? 420 20X3 April 11 April 27 Returns Outwards Bank A Smart ? 20X3 35 April 08 385 Purchases ? 420 Returns Outwards 20X3 April 11 A Smart ? 35 12 0X3 April 14 Bank ? 130 Cash 20X3 April 15 Wages ? 115 20X3 April 15 Cash Wages ? 115 20X3 April 18 Sales R Squires ? 175 Sales 20X3 April 18 April 24 R Squires Bank ? 175 85 20X3 April 21 Bank Stationery ? 20 Question 4 Bank 20X4 ? 7 000 May 02 100 May 08 May 19 May 24 May 26 May 31 Capital 20X4 May 01 20X4 May 01 May 28 Capital D Langford Rent Fixtures Fittings Drawings Cash R Lester Office Equipm ent ? 280 170 160 240 470 215 Bank ? 7 000 20X4 May 02 Bank Rent ? 280 13 20X4 May 05 R Lester Purchases ? 520 20X4 May 12 May 26 Returns Outwards Bank R Lester 20X4 ? 45 May 05 475 Purchases 520 20X4 May 08 Bank Fixtures Fittings ? 170 Returns Outwards 20X4 May 12 R Lester ? 45 Sales 20X4 May 15 D Langford ? 32 20X4 May 15 Sales D Langford 20X4 ? May 22 32 May 28 Returns Inwards Bank ? 24 100 20X4 May 19 Bank Drawings ? 160 20X4 May 22 D Langford Returns Inwards ? 30 20X4 May 24 Bank Cash ? 20X4 240 May 30 Wages ? 80 14 20X4 May 30 Cash Wages ? 80 20X4 May 31 Bank Office Equipment ? 215 Question 5 Drawings are defined as money, goods, or services withdrawn from the business by the owner(s) for their personal use. Drawings reduce the capital of the business. Question 6 a) Answer = ? 2500 Workings: 1 February 20X7 Assets Equipment Stock Bank Liabilities Creditors Loan Capital ? 8 000 6 000 2 000 ? 2 000 1 000 ?16 000 ?3 000 ?16 000 – ? 3000 = ? 13 000 28 February 20X7 Assets Equipment Stock Bank Liabilities Creditors Loan Capital ? 8 000 2 000 8 500 ? 2 000 1 000 ?18 500 ?3 000 ?18 500 – ? 3000 = ? 15 500 Therefore, Opening Capital + Profit = Closing Capital ? 13 000 + ? = ? 15 500 ? 15 500 – ? 13 000 = ? 2500 (b) Profits increase capital whereas losses reduce it. 15 Chapter 5 Balancing Accounts and the Trial Balance Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 49 – How the double entry principle relates to the balancing of accounts. For every ‘balance c/d’ there is a corresponding ‘balance b/d’ of the same amount on the opposite side of the account. Answers to Activities Activity 5. 1 (a) An account will have a debit balance if the total of the debit entries is greater than the total of the credit entries. This means that the balance brought down from the last month (balance b/d) is on the debit side of the account. (b) An account will have a credit balance if the total of the credit entries is greater than the total of the debit entries. This means that the balance brought down from the last month (balance b/d) is on the credit side of the account. (c) The ‘balance c/d’ is the amount transferred (carried down or carried forward) from one accounting period to the next; this is the balance at the last date of the accounting period (e. g. a month). The ‘balance b/d is the amount transferred (brought down or brought forward) from a previous accounting period to the current one; this is the balance at the first date of the accounting period. (d) The double lines are necessary to show that the account has been balanced and that the totals are final figures. e) Accounts are closed off when there is no balance on the account at the end of the accounting period. Activity 5. 2 20X9 July 01 July 04 July 09 July 13 July 15 July 19 July 22 July 24 July 29 Capital Equipment Wages Sales Computers Wages Sales Motor vehicles Wages Debit ? 55 000 Credit ? 5 000 900 Balance ? 55 000 50 000 49 100 58 650 50 650 49 750 53 630 47 630 46 530 9 550 8 000 900 3 880 6 000 1 100 16 Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 E. Appleby 20X6 ? 650 October 07 Returns Inwards 276 October 18 Bank 190 October 31 Balance c/d 1 116 506 0X6 October 03 Sales October 12 Sales October 24 Sales November 01 Balance b/d ? 120 490 506 1 116 Answer – There is a debit balance of ? 506. Question 2 N Small ? 145 215 185 ___ 545 365 20X3 March 04 March 18 March 23 Sales Sales Sales 20X3 March 13 March 26 March 30 March 31 Returns Inwards Returns Inwards Bank Balance c/d ? 20 35 125 365 545 April 01 Balance b/d 20X3 March 21 March 31 Bank Bank A Smith 20X3 ? 70 March 10 290 360 Purchases ? 360 ___ 360 20X3 March 07 March 28 March 31 T Dove 20X3 ? Returns Outwards 35 March 02 Bank 235 March 15 Balance c/d 310 580 April 01 Purchases Purchases Balance b/d ? 270 310 ___ 580 310 N Small is a debtor and T Dove is a creditor. A Smith is neither. 17 Question 3 T Dove 20X3 March 02 March 07 March 15 March 28 Purchases Returns Outwards Purchases Bank Debit ? 35 310 235 Credit ? 270 Balance ? 270 Cr 235 Cr 545 Cr 310 Cr N Small 20X3 March 04 March 13 March 18 March 23 March 26 March 30 Sales Returns Inwards Sales Sales Returns Inwards Bank Debit ? 145 215 185 35 125 Credit ? 20 Balance ? 145 Dr 125 Dr 340 Dr 525 Dr 490 Dr 365 Dr A Smith 20X3 March 10 March 21 March 31 Purchases Bank Bank Debit ? 70 290 Credit ? 360 Balance ? 360 Cr 290 Cr NIL Question 4 (a) 20X5 January 01 January 23 January 26 January 31 Capital Cash S Lee Capital Bank ? 20X5 25 000 January 01 6 000 January 25 5 500 January 29 5 000 January 30 January 30 January 31 _____ January 31 41 500 23 000 ? Rent 2 000 Cash 500 Midland Motors 4 000 D. Terry 8 000 E. Appleby 2 000 Electricity 2 000 Balance c/d 23 000 41 500 February 01 Balance b/d 20X5 January 31 Balance b/d Capital ? 20X5 30 000 January 1 Bank .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. January 31 Bank 30 000 February 01 Balance c/d ? 25 000 5 000 30 000 30 000 18 20X5 January 1 Bank February 01 Balance b/d Rent 20X5 ? 2 000 January 31 2 000 2 000 Balance c/d ? 2 000 2 000 20X5 January 03 January 05 January 15 D Terry E Appleby D Terry February 01 Balance b/d Purchases ? 20X5 5 000 January 31 3 000 10 000 18 000 18 000 Balance c/d ? 18 000 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 000 20X5 January 22 January 30 January 31 Returns Outwards Bank Balance c/d D Terry 20X5 ? January 03 Purchases 2 000 January 15 Purchases 8 000 5 000 15 000 February 01 Balance b/d ? 5 000 10 000 _____ 15 000 5 000 Motor Car 20X5 20X5 ? January 04 Midland Motors 4 000 January 31 February 01 Balance b/d 4 000 Balance c/d ? 4 000 20X5 January 29 Bank Midland Motors 20X5 ? 4 000 January 4 4 000 Motor Car 4 000 4 000 20X5 January 30 January 31 Bank Balance c/d E Appleby 20X5 ? Purchases 2 000 January 5 1 000 3 000 February 01 Balance b/d ? 3 000 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 000 1 000 19 20X5 January 10 January 25 Sales Bank February 01 Balance b/d Cash 20X5 ? 6 000 January 23 500 January 28 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. January 31 6 500 250 Bank Office expenses Balance c/d ? 6 000 250 250 6 500 20X5 January 31 Balance c/d Sales 20X5 ? 14 000 January 10 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ January 20 S Lee 14 000 February 01 Balance b/d ? 6 000 8 000 14 000 14 000 20X5 January 20 Sales February 01 Balance b/d S Lee 20X5 ? 8 000 January 24 January 25 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. January 31 8 000 1 500 Returns Inwards Bank Balance c/d ? 1 000 5 500 1 500 8 000 20X5 January 31 Balance c/d Returns Outwards 20X5 ? 2 000 January 22 D Terry 2 000 February 01 Balance b/d ? 2 000 2 000 2 000 20X5 January 24 S Lee February 01 Balance b/d Returns Inwards 20X5 ? 1 000 January 31 1 000 1 000 Balance c/d ? 1 000 1 000 20 Office Expenses 20X5 ? Cash 250 January 31 250 February 01 Balance b/d 250 20X5 January 28 Balance c/d ? 250 250 20X5 January 31 Bank February 01 Balance b/d Electricity 20X5 ? 2 000 January 31 2 000 2 000 Balance c/d ? 2 000 2 000 (b) Steve Trial Balance at 31January 20X5 DR CR ? Bank Capital Rent Purchases D Terry Motor Car E Appleby Cash Sales S Lee Returns Outwards Returns Inwards Office Expenses Electricity 23 000 30 000 2 000 18 000 5 000 4 000 1 000 250 14 000 1 500 2 000 1 000 250 2 000 52 000 _____ 52 000 Question 5 Bank 20X8 ? 5 000 May 16 700 May 27 May 30 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. May 31 5 700 1 300 20X8 May 01 May 18 Balance b/d Bank Dodd Delivery Van Cash Balance c/d ? 2 900 1 200 300 1 300 5 700 June 01 Balance b/d 21 20X8 May 31 Balance c/d Capital 20X8 ? 20 000 May 01 20 000 June 01 Balance b/d Balance b/d ? 20 000 20 000 20 000 20X8 May 01 May 04 May 30 June 01 Balance b/d Sales Bank Balance b/d Cash 20X8 ? 000 May 07 2 000 May 23 300 May 31 3 300 900 Purchases Office Expenses Balance c/d ? 1 500 900 900 3 300 20X8 May 16 May 31 Bank Balance c/d Dodd 20X8 ? 2 900 May 01 2 100 May 02 5 000 June 01 Balance b/d Purchases Balance b/d ? 2 000 3 000 5 000 2 100 20X8 May 01 May 10 June 01 Balance b/d Sales Balance c/d Fish ? 20X8 6 000 May 18 5 000 May 31 11 000 10 300 ? Bank Balance b/d 700 10 300 11 000 20X8 May 01 June 01 Balance b/d Balance b/d Furniture ? 20X8 10 000 May 31 10 000 10 000 Balance c/d ? 10 000 10 000 20X8 May 02 May 07 June 01 Dodd Cash Balance b/d Purchases 20X8 ? 3 000 May 31 1 500 4 500 4 500 Balance c/d 4 500 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 500 22 20X8 May 31 Balance c/d Sales 20X8 ? 7 000 May 04 ____ May 10 7 000 June 01 Cash Fish Balance b /d ? 2 000 5 000 7 000 7 000 20X8 May 23 June 01 Cash Balance b/d Office Expenses 20X8 ? 900 May 31 900 900 Balance c/d ? 900 900 20X8 May 27 June 01 Bank Balance b/d Delivery Van 20X8 ? 1 200 May 31 1 200 1 200 Balance c/ ? 1 200 1 200 (b) Tom Trial Balance at 31 May 20X8 DR CR ? ? Bank Capital Cash Dodd Fish Furniture Purchases Sales Office Expenses Delivery Van 1 300 20 000 900 2 100 10 300 10 000 4 500 7 000 900 1 200 29 100 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 29 100 23 Question 6 (a) T. Lennon Trial Balance at 31 December 20X9 DR CR ? Motor Vehicle Purchases Sales Stock of Goods Cash at Bank Fixtures and Fittings Wages Debtors Creditors Rent Drawings General Expenses Loan from D. Waller Capital 4 500 2 960 4 230 1 800 6 740 7 900 2 310 1 960 2 600 1 250 180 930 2 000 21 700 30 530 30 530 (b) A trial balance checks the arithmetical accuracy of the double entry. (c) Errors not revealed by the trial balance: 1. A transaction that has been completely omitted 2. A transaction that was entered co rrectly but using the wrong amount Errors revealed by the trial balance 1. Entering only one side of a transaction 2. Addition errors Question 7 a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Credit Debit Debit Credit Credit Debit 24 Chapter 6 Trading and Profit Loss Accounts: An Introduction Answers to Activities Activity 6. 1 Year Sales ? Cost of goods sold ? 23 230 23 900 21 500 Gross Profit/Loss ? 5 890 2 889 7 000 Operating Expenses ? 3 311 3 600 2 900 Other Revenue ? 600 200 – Net Profit / Loss ? 3 179 (511) 4 100 2005 2006 2007 29 120 26 789 28 500 Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 Andrew Gordon Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31 December 20X2 ? 26 200 3 100 23 100 11 570 34 670 6 100 1 200 160 380 3 730 11 570 ? 34 670 _____ 34 670 Gross profit b/d 11 570 Purchases Less Stock at 31 December 20X2 Cost of goods sold Gross profit c/d Wages Rent Insurance Lighting and heating Net profit Sales ______ 11 570 25 Question 2 A. Darnell Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 30 September 20X7 ? 23 380 3 650 19 730 11 140 30 870 900 320 860 4 200 165 4 695 11 140 ? 30 870 _____ 30 870 Gross profit b/d 11 140 Purchases Less Stock at 30 September 20X7 Cost of goods sold Gross profit c/d Rent Insurance Motor vehicle expenses Wages General expenses Net profit Sales _____ 11 140 Question 3 B. Betty Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 30 June 20X5 ? 1 160 2 800 18 360 10 280 28 640 2 240 5 100 190 315 2 435 10 280 ? 28 640 _____ 28 640 Gross profit b/d 10 280 Purchases Less Stock at 30 June 20X5 Cost of goods sold Gross profit c/d Rent Wages Insurance Office expenses Net profit Sales ______ 10 280 26 Question 4 Ada Cheung Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31 March 20X3 Purchases Less Stock at 31 March 20X 3 Cost of goods sold Gross profit c/d Wages Rent Advertising Lighting and heating Sundry expenses Net profit ? 46 820 9 140 37 680 16 020 53 700 7 360 2 370 840 765 1210 3 475 16 020 Sales ? 53 700 _____ 53 700 Gross profit b/d 16 020 _____ 16 020 Question 5 (a) 1. Comparing performance with other businesses or with previous periods of time to see if the business is growing. Planning ahead – profits will allow the firm to expand so information about how much profit has been made and how it was made will be important in deciding what to do in the future. To help the business to control and monitor its expenses. 2. 3. (b) This means that his cost of goods sold was more than the sales revenue; he sold the goods for less than he paid for them. 27 Chapter 7 The Balance Sheet Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 72 – Why the balance sheet is prepared at a specified date while the trading and profit and loss is prepared for a period of time. Because it shows the financial position of a business at a particular date and not for a particular period of time. It shows the value of assets and liabilities as they are at a specific date. Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 1. Fixed assets are presented in order of decreasing permanence while current assets are presented in increasing order of liquidity. Question 2 J Robinson Balance Sheet at 31 March 20X7 ? Fixed Assets Buildings Fixtures and fittings Motor vehicle ? Capital (missing figure) ? 47 020 35 000 2 860 6 400 44 260 Current Assets Stock Debtors Bank Cash 4 360 7 200 2 950 80 14 590 58 850 Current Liabilities Creditors Long-term Liabilities Loan 6 830 5 000 ______ 58 850 28 Question 3 Andrew Gordon Balance Sheet as at 31 December 20X2 ? Fixed Assets Premises Fixtures and fittings Motor vehicle ? Capital Add: Net profit Less: Drawings ? ? 68 660 3 730 2 600 1 130 69 790 Current Liabilities Creditors 54 000 1 200 5 600 60 800 Current Assets Stock Debtors Bank 3 180 3 460 4 130 10 690 71 490 1 700 _____ 71 490 Question 4 A Darnell Balance Sheet as at 30 September 20X7 ? Fixed Assets Premises Fixtures and fittings Motor vehicle ? Capital Add: Net profit Less: Drawings ? ? 34 555 4 695 3 200 1 495 36 050 Current Liabilities Creditors 24 000 850 4 200 29 050 Current Assets Stock Bank Cash 3 650 2 130 70 9 900 38 950 2 900 38 950 29 Question 5 B Betty Balance Sheet as at 31 June 20X5 ? Fixed Assets Office furniture Motor vehicle ? Capital Add: Net profit Less: Drawings ? ? 7 500 2 435 1 230 1 205 8 705 Current Liabilities Creditors 1 870 650 2 800 ____ 3 450 2 800 2 360 1 890 75 _7,125 10 575 Current Assets Stock Debtors Bank Cash _____ 10 575 Question 6 Ada Cheung Balance Sheet as at 31 March 20X3 ? Fixed Assets Premises Fixtures and fittings Motor vehicle ? Capital Add: Net profit Less: Drawings ? ? 68 335 3 475 3 700 __(225) 68 110 Current Liabilities Creditors 43 000 5 700 5 300 54 000 Current Assets Stock Debtors Bank 9 140 8 200 1 710 19 052 73 050 4 940 _____ 73 050 30 Chapter 8 Final Accounts with Further Considerations Answers to Activities Activity 8. 1 T Antonio Trading Account for the month ending 30 April 20X8 Opening Stock Purchases Add Carriage inwards Less Returns outwards Less Closing Stock Cost of goods sold Gross profit c/d ? 3 855 2 680 102 2 782 139 Sales Less Returns inwards Turnover ? 280 139 5 141 2 643 6 498 2 631 3 867 1 274 5 141 5 141 Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 (a) Carriage Inwards is associated with the cost of getting goods into the business and ready for resale so it is always added to the cost of purchases in the Trading Account. Carriage Outwards is a necessary cost of ‘distribution’ of sales to customers and so it is debited to the Profit Loss Account with other expenses. (b) It is necessary to include returns inwards and returns outwards in the trading account to adjust the purchases and sales figures to find the amounts actually bought and sold. c) It shows the amount of resources a business has that can be readily turned into cash. 31 Question 2 R Knight Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31 October 20X6 ? Sales Less: Returns inwards Turnover Less: Cost of goods sold Opening stock Purchases Add: Carriage inwards Net purchases Less: Closing stock Gross Profit Less: Expenses Carriage outwards Wages Sundry expenses Net Profit ? ? 120 500 740 119 760 15 200 75 400 2 150 77 550 92 750 13 600 79 150 40 610 3 200 28 500 2 230 33 930 6 680 32 Question 3 T Pearl Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31 August 20X7 ? Sales Less: Returns inwards Turnover Less: Cost of goods sold Opening stock Purchases Add: Carriage inwards Less Returns outwards Net purchases Less: Closing stock Gross Profit Add: Rent Receivable Less: Expenses Carriage Outwards Rent Payable Lighting and heating Telephone Net Profit ? ? 34 350 1 230 33 120 4 360 26 500 940 27 440 1 050 26 390 30 750 4 210 26 540 6 580 600 7 180 540 2 100 430 215 3 305 3 875 33 Question 4 P Franks Trading and Profit Loss Account For the year ended 28 February 20X8 ? Sales Less: Returns Inwards Turnover Less: Cost of goods sold Opening stock Purchases Less: Returns outwards Net purchases Less: Closing stock Gross Profit Less: Expenses Lighting and heating Salaries and wages Sundry expenses Rent and rates Net Profit ? ? 221 300 5 200 216 100 12 600 155 400 6 650 148 750 161 350 16 100 145 250 70 850 3 900 48 500 4 650 2 300 59 350 11 500 34 P Franks Balance Sheet at 28 February 20X8 ? Fixed assets Premises Equipment Motor vehicle Current assets Stock Debtors Bank Cash Less: Current liabilities Creditors Net current assets Long-term liabilities Loan ? 04 000 28 000 21 000 153 000 16 100 23 750 960 76 40 886 15 716 25 170 178 170 32 000 146 170 Financed by: Capital Balance b/d Add: Net profit Less: Drawings 145 270 11 500 156 770 10 600 146 170 35 Question 5 T Williams Trading and Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31 May 20X8 ? Sales Less: Returns inwards Turnover Less: Cost of goods sold Opening Stock Purchases Add: Carriage inwards Less: Ret urns outwards Net purchases Less: Closing stock Gross Profit Less: Expenses Wages and salaries Rent Insurance Sundry expenses Carriage Outwards Net Profit ? 139 200 430 138 770 27 230 103 500 630 104 130 960 103 170 130 400 30 580 99 820 38 950 15 320 5 400 325 475 2 340 23 860 15 090 36 T Williams Balance Sheet at 31 May 20X8 ? Fixed assets Buildings Fixtures and fittings Current assets Stock Debtors Bank Cash Less: Current liabilities Creditors Net current assets Long-term liabilities Loan Financed by: Capital balance b/d Add: Net profit Less: Drawings ? 32 000 4 250 36 250 30 580 21 460 4 450 195 56 685 12 240 44 445 80 695 15 000 65 695 62 005 15 090 77 095 11 400 65 695 37 Chapter 9 The Division of the Ledger and Books of Original Entry Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 93 – What have you noticed about the Cash Book? It is a Book of Original Entry as well as a Ledger. Answers to Activities Activity 9. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. General Ledger Sales Ledger General Ledger General Ledger General Ledger or Private Ledger General Ledger Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 (a) They provide documentation (proof) that a transaction has occurred. (b) 1. 2. They save time as they summarise similar transactions for the period, resulting in less information and less frequent postings to the General Ledger. They allow a business to have different individuals responsible for different journals therefore increasing internal control. Question 2 (a) Debtors Ledger (b) Creditors Ledger (c) Nominal Ledger Question 3 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Real Nominal Nominal Real Real Question 4 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Cash Book Cash Book Cash Book Cash Book Purchases Day Book Cash Book 38 Chapter 10 Bank Facilities Answers to Activities Activity 10. 1 Payee Cheque number Drawer Counterfoil Crossed cheque Mary White is writing a cheque for ? 200 to John Blue. As she is the drawer she must make sure that she signs the cheque. Her book-keeper told her to always fill out the counterfoil so she will have a record of the payment. As the cheque number is on the counterfoil as well as the cheque it will help her to trace the payment. She has decided to give John a crossed cheque as she is worried that the cheque might get lost. John is not very happy about this. As he is the payee it means he will not be able to get the money from the bank immediately. Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 Bank 20X7 ? 45 December 15 December 22 20X7 November 30 Interest receivable Interest payable Bank charges ? 320 45 Interest Receivable 20X7 November 30 Bank ? 145 20X7 December 15 Bank Interest Payable ? 320 20X7 December 22 Bank Bank Charges ? 45 Question 2 A bank overdraft occurs when the bank allows a current account holder to withdraw more money from the account than is actually in the account. For example, the account holder only has ? 800 in the account but with the permission of the bank is allowed to withdraw up to a maximum of ? 1500. 39 Question 3 A standing order is used for payments of fixed amounts at regular intervals at the request of the account holder while a direct debit is made at the request of the payee (the person/organisation that is owed) and can be used for either fixed or changing amounts and for payments at irregular intervals. Question 4 (a) Interest receivable is the interest received on the balance of an interest bearing account; the amount the bank pays the account holder for the use of the money in the account. (b) Interest payable is the cost of borrowing; it is the payment to the lender (the bank) for the use of its money. c) Bank charges is a charge by a bank for the services it provides. Question 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) Direct Debit Credit transfer Standing order Dividend Question 6 (a) 1. 2. Current account Deposit account (b) Current accounts do not always earn interest, deposit accounts do. Question 7 (a) (b) (c) (d) ? 2738. 57 – ? 206. 05 = ? 2532. 52 Credit column Credit transfer Loan repayment through a standing order 40 Chapter 11 Cash Books Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 111 – Is it possible for the cash columns to have a credit balance? Give reasons for your answer. No – because it is impossible to spend more cash than is available. If the business has cash in hand of only ? 50 then it cannot spend more than this amount. Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 (a) As a book of original entry it is the first place where all the cash and cheque transactions are recorded; it is also one side of the double entry. (b) Where the debit and credit entries for a transaction are in the same ledger or book. Question 2 F. Patel – Cash Book Bank 20X3 Details ? Bank (C) Nov 02 Rent 2 800 Nov 03 Purchases Nov 07 Stationery 230 Nov 10 Wages Nov 12 Cash (C) 200 Nov 14 Carriage in Nov 20 Drawings Nov 26 Bank (C) Nov 28 Purchases Nov 30 Balances c/d †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Nov 30 3 230 2 130 20X3 Nov 01 Nov 02 Nov 14 Nov 17 Nov 23 Nov 28 Details Capital Cash (C) Bank (C) Sales Sales Cash (C) Cash ? 3 000 160 220 Cash ? 2 800 46 120 Bank 140 370 160 34 60 200 120 3 380 430 2 130 3 230 Dec 1 Balances b/d †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 380 120 41 Question 3 T. Karekla – Cash Book Cash Bank 20X9 Details ? ? Motor vehicle 6 000 July 3 150 Cash (C) July 4 Rent 2 000 July 8 100 Purchases July 10 390 Carriage in July 18 Cash (C) 540 July 20 Purchases 300 July 24 Wages July 24 Bank (C) July 30 Balances c/d July 31 ___ ____ 640 8 840 95 4 460 0X9 July 1 July 4 July 15 July 20 July 23 July 29 July 30 Details Capital Bank (C) Loan Bank (C) Sales Sales Cash (C) Cash ? 85 Bank ? 3 000 150 460 40 100 20 300 95 670 100 4 460 8 840 Aug 1 Balances b/d Question 4 Maria Metaxa – Cash Book Cash Bank 20X7 DETAILS ? 65 ? 3 196 2 610 1 250 2 730 2 945 1 760 Feb 02 Feb 06 Feb 06 Feb 12 Feb 12 Feb 15 Feb 16 Feb 19 Feb 21 Feb 25 Feb 27 Feb 28 Feb 28 Feb 28 Postage Purchases Wa ges Cash (C) Wages Electricity Stationery Wages Travelling expenses Telephone Wages P Barratt D Smart Balances c/d 20X7 Feb 01 Feb 04 Feb 08 Feb 10 Feb 12 Feb 19 Feb 23 DETAILS Balances b/d Sales D Pole Sales Bank (C) Sales E Holme Discount Allowed ? 30 Discount Received ? Cash ? 50 Bank ? 1 075 2 167 100 1 964 53 100 40 38 1 840 19 132 1 920 1 240 2 145 1 855 14 491 __ 70 Mar 1 Balances b/d ___ 165 58 _____ 14 491 1 855 20 55 __ 75 58 165 (b) Discount Allowed ? Total for the month 70 20X7 February 28 42 Discount Received 20X7 February 28 Total for the month ? 75 Question 5 (a) 20X2 Oct 01 Oct 02 Oct 10 Oct 12 Oct 18 Oct 20 Oct 21 Oct 21 Oct 26 DETAILS Balances b/d P Mace Sales G Lai Bank (C) Sales Loan interest Cash (C) B Chalke Discount Allowed ? 150 1 120 60 16 1 120 704 Sally Foon – Cash Book Cash Bank 20X2 DETAILS ? 68 ? 160 2 086 560 Oct 01 Oct 12 Oct 14 Oct 16 Oct 18 Oct 21 Oct 22 Oct 22 Oct 24 Oct 28 Oct 30 Oct 30 Oct 31 Balances b/d W Eastern Stationery F Samway Cash (C) Bank (C) Wages G Lai Telephone Office Expenses L. Hall Interest paid Balances c/d Discount Received ? Cash ? 35 4 1 120 35 560 147 40 13 __ 17 247 20 1 618 14 491 86 150 Bank ? 1 692 75 __ 24 Nov 1 Balances b/d ____ 1 398 203 _____ 4 630 1 618 203 1 398 (b) The ? 24 discount allowed will be posted to the debit side of the discount allowed account. The ? 17 discount received will be posted to the credit side of the discount received account. (c) 20X2 October 31 Discount Allowed ? Total for the month 24 Discount Received 20X2 October 31 Total for the month ? 17 43 Chapter 12 The Sales and Purchases Day Books Answers to ‘Think about it’ Questions Page 125 – Why do you think the invoice numbers are not sequential in S French’s Purchases Day Book? Because S French has not assigned unique numbers to each invoice but is instead using the invoice numbers as received from the different sellers. Solutions to Target Practice Questions Question 1 (a) Sales Day Book Date 20X8 Oct 01 Oct 04 Oct 09 Oct 15 Oct 23 Oct 29 Oct 31 Details F Law G Harding S Wilks L Ryle F Law G Harding Transferred to Sales Account Net Amount ? 612 436 370 810 354 508 3 090 (b) Sales Ledger 20X8 October 01 F Law ? 612 Sales 20X8 October 04 Sales G Harding ? 436 20X8 October 09 Sales S Wilks ? 370 44 L Ryle 20X8 October 15 Sales ? 810 20X8 October 23 Sales F Law ? 354 20X8 October 29 Sales k G Harding ? 508 General Ledger (c) Sales 20X8 ? October 30 Credit sales for the month 3 090 Question 2 (a) Sales Day Book Date 20X5 July 02 July 07 July 12 July 18 July 23 July 30 July 31 Details D Smith T Ronald N Smithers L Malt D Smith T Ronald Transferred to Sales Account Net Amount ? 488 480 256 186 221 435 2 066 (b) Sales Ledger 20X5 July 02 D Smith ? 488 Sales 45 20X5 July 07 July 30 Sales Sales T Ronald ? 480 435 N Smithers ? 256 20X5 July 12 Sales 20X5 July 18 Sales L Malt ? 186 20X5 July 23 Sales D Smith ? 221 General Ledger Sales 20X5 July 31 Credit sales for the month ? 2 066 Question 3 (a) Purchases Day Book Date 20X3 April 01 April 03 April 10 April 14 April 21 April 27 April 30 How to cite Lcci Passport to Sucess Level 1 Book-Keeping Answer, Papers